Endocarditis is a rare but serious infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart. It occurs when bacteria from the mouth, enter the bloodstream and settle in the heart. Though it is not common, a dental procedure can sometimes introduce bacteria into the bloodstream. It potentially leads to endocarditis in susceptible individuals. Dentists have to perform following work to prevent it:

Medical History: A dentist carefully reviews patients’ medical history to identify those with underlying heart conditions that increase their risk of endocarditis. These conditions include:

• • Artificial heart valves
  • A history of endocarditis
  • Certain congenital heart defects
  • Heart transplant

Antibiotic Prophylaxis: For patients at high risk, dentists prescribe antibiotics to take before dental procedures. These antibiotics help reduce the number of bacteria that may enter the bloodstream during the procedure. They follow established guidelines from concerned organizations like the American Heart Association to determine which patients require antibiotic prophylaxis and the appropriate type and dosage of antibiotics.

Local Anesthetic Agent:  Local anesthetics contain Epinephrine, a vasoconstrictor that prolongs the numbness effect. But it also increases heart rate and blood pressure.   Therefore, in patients with significant cardiovascular conditions, including those at high risk for endocarditis, dentists opt for local anesthetics with lower concentration of Epinephrine or, in some cases, without it.

Maintaining Oral Health: Encouraging and educating patients on maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial. This requires regular brushing and flossing, professional teeth cleaning and addressing any gum disease or oral infections. Healthy gums are less likely to bleed during dental procedures, reducing the risk of bacteria entering the bloodstream.

Minimizing Trauma During Procedures: Dentists use gentle techniques during dental procedures to minimize trauma to the gums and surrounding tissues. This helps reduce the risk of bleeding and bacterial entry. They adhere to aseptic techniques during procedures to minimize the risk of infection.

Infection Control Measures: Strict sterilization protocols are mandatory for all dental instruments and equipment to prevent the introduction of bacteria.

Patient Education: Patients at risk are educated about the importance of oral hygiene and the potential link between dental procedures and endocarditis. The patients are advised to inform their doctor and dentist if they experience any signs of endocarditis, such as fever, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss, after a dental procedure.

Though dentists take precautions to prevent bacterial endocarditis, it is important for patients to be aware of their risk and maintain good oral hygiene. Regular dental checkups and open communication with dentist about your medical history are essential for preventing this serious condition